A gel made from collagen and agarose with different amounts of hydroxyapatite can be made to have different stiffness levels: soft like muscle (20 kPa), medium like tendon (140 kPa), and stiff like bone (240 kPa).
Scientific Claim
Collagen-agarose hydrogels with hydroxyapatite concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, and 40% achieve stiffness values of approximately 20 kPa, 140 kPa, and 240 kPa in muscle, tendon, and bone sections, respectively.
Original Statement
“The Young’s modulus of the biphasic muscle gel was about 20 kPa. The Young’s modulus of the triphasic tendon gel was about 140 kPa. The Young’s modulus of the triphasic bone gel was about 240 kPa, resulting in the desired stiffness gradient within the 3D in vitro interface model (Figure 2C).”
Evidence Quality Assessment
Claim Status
appropriately stated
Study Design Support
Design supports claim
Appropriate Language Strength
definitive
Can make definitive causal claims
Assessment Explanation
The study directly measured Young's modulus through compression testing, so stating the achieved values is a factual observation without implying causation or clinical relevance.
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
Triphasic 3D In Vitro Model of Bone-Tendon-Muscle Interfaces to Study Their Regeneration