A lot of people who have heart attacks don’t actually have the usual risk factors like high blood pressure, smoking, or diabetes—so our current ways of predicting heart problems might be missing something important.

Yes, people can have heart attacks even if they don’t have traditional risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or a history of smoking. What we've found so far strongly supports this idea. Our analysis of the available evidence shows that a significant number of individuals experience heart attacks without any of the commonly recognized risk factors [1,2]. We looked at two key assertions, and both point in the same direction. Each assertion states that many people who suffer heart attacks do not have the usual warning signs doctors typically screen for, such as high blood pressure, smoking, or diabetes [1,2]. Together, these assertions are backed by a total of 84.0 supporting data points, with no studies or claims refuting the idea [1,2]. This suggests that current methods for predicting heart attack risk may not capture the full picture. Our current analysis shows that relying only on traditional risk factors might miss some people who are still at risk. That doesn’t mean those risk factors aren’t important—they are well-established in many cases—but they aren’t the whole story. There may be other biological, environmental, or lifestyle factors at play that we don’t yet fully measure or understand. We don’t yet know exactly what those missing factors are, based on the evidence we’ve reviewed so far. But the data leans clearly toward the idea that heart attacks can and do occur in people who seem “low risk” by standard medical checks. Practical takeaway: Just because someone appears healthy on routine tests doesn’t mean they’re completely free from heart attack risk. Paying attention to overall well-being, unexplained symptoms like chest discomfort or unusual fatigue, and maintaining heart-healthy habits matters—even if your numbers look good.