If a pregnant person is exposed to certain chemicals called PFOS and PFOA, it might harm the baby’s development, and even very tiny amounts could be risky.

What we've found so far is that prenatal exposure to PFOS and PFOA might affect a baby’s development, even at very low levels [1]. Our current analysis is based on limited evidence, but what we’ve reviewed suggests a potential concern. We analyzed one assertion from the available research, and it supports the idea that when a pregnant person is exposed to PFOS and PFOA—chemicals found in some non-stick and water-resistant products—there could be a risk to the developing baby [1]. These chemicals are known as "forever chemicals" because they don’t break down easily in the body or the environment. The evidence we’ve reviewed indicates that even small amounts might matter, which means exposure levels considered minimal could still be worth paying attention to [1]. At this point, we’ve only reviewed one assertion, and no studies have refuted this link. That means our understanding is still early and incomplete. We can’t yet say how strong the connection is, or what specific birth outcomes might be affected—such as birth weight, developmental milestones, or other measures—because the evidence we’ve looked at doesn’t provide those details. Our analysis right now leans toward a possible risk, but we don’t have enough data to be more certain or specific. As more research becomes available, we’ll update our findings. For now, if you’re pregnant or planning to be, it may be reasonable to consider reducing exposure to products that contain or are treated with PFOS and PFOA—like certain non-stick cookware, stain-resistant fabrics, or food packaging—especially since these chemicals offer no health benefit and may carry potential risks.