Depression levels in Ukrainian female students decreased in 2023 but increased again in 2024 compared to previous years, with statistically significant changes.
Scientific Claim
Depression severity scores were associated with survey period (F(2,2,772)=23.924, p<.001, partial η²=0.017), with lower scores in 2023 compared to 2022 and higher scores in 2024 compared to 2023 among Ukrainian female university students.
Original Statement
“One-way ANOVA shows a significant difference in PHQ-9 scores associated with survey periods T1…T3 (F(2,2,772) = 23.924, p < .001, partial η2 = .017).”
Evidence Quality Assessment
Claim Status
appropriately stated
Study Design Support
Design supports claim
Appropriate Language Strength
association
Can only show association/correlation
Assessment Explanation
Observational design supports association claims. The phrasing correctly avoids causal language while reporting statistical associations.
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
Mental health and well-being among Ukrainian female university students: The impact of war over 3 years
The study found that Ukrainian female students felt less depressed in 2023 than in 2022, but more depressed again in 2024 — which matches exactly what the claim says.