Depression levels in Ukrainian female students decreased in 2023 but increased again in 2024 compared to previous years, with statistically significant changes.

In 2022, these students were the most depressed. In 2023, their depression got better — but by 2024, it got worse again, almost back to where it started.

Higher depression levels in Ukrainian female students were strongly linked to higher fear of war and burnout, especially for burnout where the connection was very strong.

Higher depression levels in Ukrainian female students were strongly linked to higher emotional loneliness, moderately linked to general loneliness, and weakly linked to social loneliness.