Drinking beetroot juice may raise certain chemicals in the blood that help your body make nitric oxide, which is good for blood flow — and this seems to happen whether you're young, older, or have Alzheimer's.

In healthy young adults, healthy elderly adults, and individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease, participants would be randomly assigned to consume nitrate-rich beetroot juice (standardized dose) or a placebo (nitrate-free juice) daily for 7–14 days. Plasma nitrate, nitrite, and nitric oxide metabolites would be measured at baseline, 2h, 24h, and 7 days post-intervention to assess changes in levels and pathway activation.

Each participant (across all three groups) would consume nitrate-rich beetroot juice and a matched placebo in randomized order with a 7-day washout period. Plasma nitrate and nitrite levels would be measured at multiple time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24h) after each intervention to determine the temporal pattern of increase and correlate with nitric oxide pathway markers.

Three cohorts (Alzheimer's, healthy elderly, young adults) would be recruited and instructed to consume nitrate-rich beetroot juice daily for 2 weeks under monitored conditions. Plasma nitrate/nitrite levels and nitric oxide metabolites would be measured before and after the intervention to assess changes without randomization.

A small group of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease, healthy elderly, and young adults would consume beetroot juice as part of their regular diet, and plasma nitrate/nitrite levels would be tracked over 1–2 weeks with no control group.

Plasma samples from individuals consuming beetroot juice would be tested in cell culture models to assess whether they enhance nitric oxide synthase activity or nitrite-to-NO conversion compared to baseline samples.