Even when the study with the weirdest results was removed, skipping breakfast still showed a link to metabolic syndrome — so the main finding is reliable.

The link between skipping breakfast and health problems isn't the same everywhere — it's stronger in some countries than others, probably because of different diets or lifestyles.

The studies included were well done, so the link between skipping breakfast and health problems is probably real and not just due to bad study design.

People who skip breakfast are slightly more likely to have a group of health problems like high blood pressure, belly fat, and high blood sugar than those who eat breakfast.

The link between skipping breakfast and metabolic syndrome is a bit stronger when the diagnosis includes diabetes or high fasting blood sugar, compared to just high fasting sugar alone.

Skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and its components, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia.