Most beetroot juice drinks you buy at the store don’t say how much nitrate is in them, and when they do, the numbers are often wrong or missing—so athletes who rely on it for performance don’t know how much to take.

A systematic, blinded laboratory analysis of a representative sample of commercially available beetroot juice products across multiple regions and brands, measuring actual nitrate concentration via validated spectrophotometric or chromatographic methods and comparing these values to the labeled claims (or absence thereof) to quantify the proportion of products with inaccurate or missing disclosures.

A longitudinal study tracking the same set of beetroot juice products over 12–24 months to assess whether nitrate labeling practices change over time and whether manufacturers correct inaccurate labels after regulatory scrutiny or public exposure.

A comparison of nitrate content accuracy between beetroot juice products that voluntarily disclose nitrate content versus those that do not, to determine if disclosure status correlates with reliability.

A survey of athletes using beetroot juice to determine how often they rely on product labels for dosing, and whether they report adverse effects or inconsistent performance due to perceived or actual inaccuracies in nitrate content.

An audit of regulatory compliance by food safety agencies to determine whether current labeling laws for dietary supplements or functional foods require nitrate disclosure and whether enforcement actions have been taken against non-compliant beetroot juice products.