correlational
Analysis v1
0
Pro
39
Against

Students who don’t follow a religion reported feeling more depressed, more drained, and lonelier than those who did have religious beliefs.

Scientific Claim

Among Ukrainian female university students, those who identify as secular report significantly higher levels of depression, burnout, and emotional loneliness than those who identify as non-secular.

Original Statement

T-test shows a higher PHQ-9 score among secular than religious respondents (t(2771) = 7.606; p < .001, d = 6.192). T-test shows higher SBM scores among secular (t(2788) = 6.553; p < .001, d = 7.628). Mann–Whitney test shows a higher level of emotional loneliness among secular than religious respondents (U = 701,485.0, Z = -2.311, p = .021, r = .044).

Evidence Quality Assessment

Claim Status

appropriately stated

Study Design Support

Design supports claim

Appropriate Language Strength

association

Can only show association/correlation

Assessment Explanation

The study compares pre-existing groups (secular vs. non-secular) using appropriate group comparisons. No causal language is used, and the findings are presented as associations, consistent with the design.

Evidence from Studies

Supporting (0)

0
No supporting evidence found

Contradicting (1)

39

The study looked at how war affected girls' mental health but never asked if they were religious or not, so we can't tell if secular students feel worse than others.