If adults with obesity lose 10–15% of their weight over about six months, their body's insulin processing tends to get better — especially in how it handles a substance called proinsulin — and this improvement sticks even when you account for other health factors.

When people with obesity lose belly fat, their pancreas may start working better — especially in how it processes insulin — and this seems to happen because of the fat loss itself, not just weight loss in general.

Liraglutide doesn't directly lower proinsulin in people with obesity — its benefits for the pancreas seem to come mostly from weight loss, not the drug itself.