In normal-weight obese women, switching from a daily fruit snack to a soy-enriched high-protein snack results in a reduction of 166 kilocalories and 58.4 grams of carbohydrates per day over six...
Mechanism
Synthesis from 1 study
Switching from fruit to soy snacks makes the gut send fullness signals to the brain and builds more muscle. The brain then reduces hunger, so the person eats less naturally. The extra muscle also burns more calories at rest, making it harder to take in excess energy.
Most probable mechanism
Eating soy protein instead of fruit triggers the gut to release hormones that signal fullness to the brain, while also building more muscle. The brain responds by reducing hunger, so the person eats less without trying. The extra muscle also increases the body's energy needs, making it harder to overeat.
Soy protein ingestion delivers essential amino acids, particularly leucine, into the bloodstream
Essential amino acids activate mTORC1 signaling in skeletal muscle, increasing muscle protein synthesis and leading to net accumulation of skeletal muscle mass
Soy protein stimulates enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine to secrete cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and peptide YY
These satiety hormones signal via the vagus nerve and bloodstream to the hypothalamus and brainstem, suppressing hunger signals and reducing ghrelin secretion
Reduced hunger and increased fullness lead to decreased spontaneous food intake during ad libitum eating
Increased skeletal muscle mass raises basal metabolic rate, increasing daily energy expenditure and further limiting net energy surplus
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
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