If someone has a condition that makes their muscles shrink, using muscle-building drugs and working out together helps them gain more muscle and strength than using either one by itself.

When people with muscle loss do either steroids or exercise, both seem to help them gain similar amounts of muscle and strength — neither one clearly wins.

Different studies show wildly different results when people use steroid-like drugs and work out, because each study uses different kinds of drugs, different doses, and different workout routines.

Taking anabolic steroids can help older or sick adults who are losing muscle gain more muscle and get stronger, compared to not taking anything at all.

Strength athletes who use anabolic steroids tend to score higher on measures of anger, impulsiveness, and muscle tension, and lower on how much they try to seem nice or socially acceptable, compared to athletes who’ve never used steroids or stopped using them for at least six months.

Even if your body releases a lot more of the 'muscle-building' hormones after a workout, it doesn’t mean you’ll grow more muscle than someone whose hormone levels stay low—studies show both groups end up with the same muscle size.