When these two chemicals are added to human immune cells in a dish, the cells turn on genes and internal pathways that are usually used to signal inflammation — like sounding an alarm.

Pro

Against

Evidence from Studies

Supporting (1)

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Intracellular inflammatory signalling cascades in human monocytic cells on challenge with phytohemagglutinin and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol

Cross-Sectional Study

In Vitro

2022 Feb

Contradicting (0)

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No contradicting evidence found

Gold Standard Evidence Needed

According to GRADE and EBM methodology, here is what ideal scientific evidence would look like to definitively prove or disprove this specific claim, ordered from strongest to weakest evidence.

Source Study

Intracellular inflammatory signalling cascades in human monocytic cells on challenge with phytohemagglutinin and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol

Score: 3

DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04296-x

Similar Assertions

PHA and TNP are foreign substances that the body’s first-line immune cells recognize as threats, causing them to start an inflammatory response — like raising an alarm bell.

86%

When lab-grown human immune cells are exposed to PHA or TNP, they start dying in different ways depending on how much and how long they’re exposed, and both chemicals harm the cells more the longer or stronger the exposure.

80%