If people are exposed to a mix of certain 'forever chemicals' like PFOS and PFOA, they may have a harder time getting pregnant or having a baby, and the more they're exposed, the stronger this effect might be.

What we've found so far is that the evidence leans toward exposure to certain PFAS chemicals—like PFOS and PFOA—being linked to lower chances of getting pregnant and having a live birth [1]. Our analysis of the available research shows this effect may become stronger with higher levels of exposure [1]. We reviewed 52.0 studies or assertions, all of which support the idea that a mixture of these "forever chemicals" could make it harder for people to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term [1]. None of the evidence we’ve looked at so far refutes this link [1]. These chemicals are known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and they are commonly found in consumer products and the environment. Because they break down slowly, they can build up in the body over time. Our current analysis suggests that higher exposure may be tied to greater difficulty with fertility and live birth outcomes [1]. However, we base this only on the data we’ve collected so far, and our understanding may change as more evidence becomes available. We do not yet have enough information to say how different types or combinations of PFAS affect individuals across different populations or settings. It’s important to note that while the evidence we’ve reviewed consistently supports this link, we cannot conclude cause and effect from this analysis alone. Other factors may also play a role, and the full picture is likely complex. Practical takeaway: If you're trying to get pregnant, it may be worth considering ways to reduce your exposure to PFAS, such as avoiding non-stick cookware, stain-resistant fabrics, and certain packaged foods, since these can contain these long-lasting chemicals.