After a heart attack, older women who eat yogurt daily appear to gain more protection against heart-related death than older men, with each additional 25 grams of yogurt linked to a 7% lower risk in women but not in men.
Evidence from Studies
No evidence studies found yet.
What Would Prove This
Per GRADE and EBM methodology, here is what ideal scientific evidence would look like to definitively prove or disprove this claim, ordered from strongest to weakest.
Whether the sex-specific association between yogurt intake and CVD mortality after MI is consistent across populations and whether biological or behavioral factors explain the difference.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies examining yogurt intake and CVD mortality in post-MI patients, stratified by sex, pooling adjusted hazard ratios from studies with standardized dietary assessment and sex-stratified analyses, including at least 10 studies with >5,000 participants each and >10 years of follow-up.
Whether increasing yogurt intake reduces CVD mortality more in women than in men after MI.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT of 1,200 post-MI patients (600 women, 600 men) aged 60–80, randomized to consume 50 g/day of plain yogurt or placebo for 5 years, with primary outcome as CVD mortality and secondary outcomes including inflammatory markers and gut microbiome composition, stratified by sex.
Whether the sex-specific association between yogurt and CVD mortality persists in diverse populations with different dietary and cultural patterns.
A prospective cohort study of 15,000 post-MI patients aged 60–80 across multiple countries, with repeated dietary assessments every 2 years, adjudicated CVD mortality over 15 years, and sex-stratified analyses adjusting for hormone use, body composition, and dietary patterns.
Whether women who died from CVD after MI had lower prior yogurt intake than male survivors, compared to men who died.
A matched case-control study of 800 post-MI patients (400 women, 400 men) who died from CVD within 10 years and 800 survivors, using validated dietary recall to estimate yogurt intake in the first year after MI, stratified by sex and adjusted for medication use.
Whether yogurt intake correlates with sex-specific biomarkers of cardiovascular risk (e.g., estrogen metabolism, arterial stiffness) in post-MI patients at a single time point.
A cross-sectional analysis of 3,000 post-MI patients (1,500 women, 1,500 men) measuring yogurt intake via FFQ and sex-specific biomarkers (e.g., estradiol, CRP, pulse wave velocity) at one time point, adjusting for age and medication use.