If a teenager is obese and their body doesn't respond well to insulin, drinking something with a lot of fructose (like sugary soda) won't quiet down the hunger hormone ghrelin as much as it would in an obese teen whose body still responds normally to insulin.

What we've found so far is that insulin resistance may affect how fructose influences hunger signals in obese teenagers. Specifically, the evidence we've reviewed suggests that fructose does not reduce ghrelin—the hormone that tells your body when you're hungry—as much in obese teens who have insulin resistance [1]. Our analysis of the available research shows that when obese teenagers with normal insulin response consume fructose, their ghrelin levels tend to decrease, which may help control appetite. But in those whose bodies don’t respond well to insulin, this effect is blunted. That means drinking a beverage high in fructose, like a sugary soda, might not quiet hunger as effectively in these individuals [1]. The data we’ve looked at comes from one key assertion based on 54.0 supporting findings and no studies or claims that contradict it. While the number of supporting points is high, we’re cautious about drawing strong conclusions from a single assertion, even if it's backed by consistent data. Right now, this is the only claim we’ve analyzed on this topic, so our view is limited. We don’t yet know how this interaction might affect long-term eating habits or weight, and we can’t say whether fructose acts differently than other sugars in this context. Also, we haven’t reviewed evidence on whether improving insulin sensitivity would restore fructose’s ability to influence ghrelin. Our current analysis leans toward the idea that insulin resistance weakens fructose’s effect on hunger signaling in obese teens. But because this is based on a single line of evidence so far, we need more data to build a clearer picture. Practical takeaway: If an obese teen has insulin resistance, sugary drinks might not only be bad for blood sugar—they might also do less to satisfy hunger, possibly leading to more eating without feeling full.