Before starting hormone therapy, trans women can do 31% more push-ups and run 1.5 miles 21% faster than cis women under 30 — probably because of the effects of testosterone during puberty.

Trans women under 30 who've been on hormone therapy for a year are still 9% faster at running than cis women the same age, even though they've lost their edge in push-ups and sit-ups. This suggests that one year of hormone treatment might not completely level the playing field for endurance sports.

Trans guys on testosterone get as good as average cis guys at push-ups and running in a year, and even beat them at sit-ups, showing big gains in strength and stamina.

Trans guys on testosterone get just as good at running 1.5 miles as cis guys within a year — starting out about 15% slower but catching up completely thanks to hormone therapy.

Even after years of hormone therapy, transgender women might still be able to do more push-ups than cisgender women on average, possibly because some strength differences stick around longer than expected.

Trans women on feminizing hormones slowly lose upper body strength over time, and after about 2 years, their push-up ability becomes similar to that of cis women.