The Claim

In young untrained men, increasing resistance training volume from 1 to 3 sets per exercise does not lead to greater strength gains in upper-body muscles, as both training volumes result in similar improvements in upper-body one-repetition maximum (1RM) performance over an 11-week period.

Source: DISSIMILAR EFFECTS OF ONE‐ AND THREE‐SET STRENGTH TRAINING ON STRENGTH AND MUSCLE MASS GAINS IN UPPER AND LOWER BODY IN UNTRAINED SUBJECTS

What the research says

Supports is higher

Support is ahead, but a single strong opposing study can change this.

Supports
46score
Challenges
0score

These are independent scores, not a percentage. Higher-grade studies count more, so a single strong opposing study can outweigh several weaker ones.

Cause and effect
1 study reviewed
In plain English

For young guys just starting out at the gym, doing 1 set or 3 sets of each exercise gives about the same strength boost in the upper body after 11 weeks.

See the scientific wording

In young untrained men, increasing resistance training volume from 1 to 3 sets per exercise does not result in greater strength gains in upper-body muscles, as both regimens produced similar improvements in upper-body 1RM performance over 11 weeks.

Why this might work

When someone starts lifting weights, their nervous system quickly learns how to use their muscles more efficiently. After just one set of exercises, the brain and nerves have already improved enough to activate nearly all the muscle fibers needed for maximum strength. Doing more sets doesn't make the nervous system any better at this, so strength doesn't increase further.

Supported mechanismbased on 1 study

What the research says

1 study
  1. Study: DISSIMILAR EFFECTS OF ONE‐ AND THREE‐SET STRENGTH TRAINING ON STRENGTH AND MUSCLE MASS GAINS IN UPPER AND LOWER BODY IN UNTRAINED SUBJECTS

    For guys just starting the gym, doing one set or three sets of upper-body exercises like bench press leads to about the same strength gain after 11 weeks — the study found no extra benefit from doing more sets.

Score breakdown, mechanism chain, raw evidence, ideal studies needed & 1 supporting studies

Fit Body Science verdict — we translate health claims into clear verdicts backed by peer-reviewed research.

Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making health decisions.