Doing strength training for 12 weeks—three times a week, not too heavy—might help lower certain hormones linked to aging and muscle loss in older men, even if they have type 2 diabetes.

What we've found so far is that 12 weeks of resistance training may reduce levels of FGF-21 and myostatin in elderly men, including those with type 2 diabetes. Our current analysis shows the evidence leans in this direction. We analyzed the available research and found 38.0 supporting assertions and no studies that refute this effect [1]. The training protocol involved strength exercises performed three times per week at a moderate intensity. These hormones—FGF-21 and myostatin—are linked to aging and muscle loss, so lower levels could suggest a positive shift in muscle metabolism and health [1]. However, we are basing this on a single assertion that aggregates multiple lines of support, so we cannot independently verify the individual studies behind it. Our analysis does not confirm that this type of training causes these changes, only that the evidence we’ve reviewed supports the idea. We don’t yet know how large the effect might be, or whether it applies equally to all elderly men with or without type 2 diabetes. There is also no data available in our review to suggest how long these changes last or whether they translate to noticeable improvements in strength or health. Because the evidence is limited to one assertion—even if strongly supported—we remain cautious. More details about study design, participant health status, and measurement methods would help us better understand these findings. Practical takeaway: For older men, including those with type 2 diabetes, doing moderate strength training three times a week might help influence hormones related to muscle aging. While the signs are promising, we don’t yet have the full picture.