Eating more dairy didn’t change the hormone that regulates calcium in the blood—so the body’s calcium system didn’t respond the way some theories predicted.

Even though people ate more dairy, their body didn’t make more of the active form of vitamin D—so the hormone that might affect fat cells stayed the same.

People who eat more dairy while dieting end up with higher levels of vitamin D in their blood than those who eat less dairy—even if they both started out low on vitamin D.

Eating more dairy doesn’t make your body burn more calories at rest—your metabolism stayed the same whether you ate a lot or a little dairy while dieting.

When overweight or obese people eat fewer calories and either eat a little dairy or a lot of dairy, they lose about the same amount of weight and belly fat—dairy doesn’t help them lose more.

Eating more dairy while dieting didn’t make bad cholesterol go up or good cholesterol go down—it didn’t hurt heart health markers at all.