Even when zinc becomes more available in wheat through heat treatment in citrate solution, this does not guarantee more zinc will be absorbed by the human intestine, because much of it stays bound in forms that cannot easily release zinc ions for absorption.

Treating wheat with heat and acid under specific conditions greatly increases the amount of zinc that can be released during digestion, but only slightly improves how much zinc the body actually absorbs, because much of the zinc remains bound to phytate.

When the ratio of phytate to zinc in wheat-based meals exceeds 6.0, less zinc is absorbed from the digestive tract in healthy adults, even if the wheat has been processed to make nutrients more available, because leftover phytate still binds to zinc and blocks its absorption.

When eating wheat-based meals, the total amount of zinc your body absorbs depends more on how much zinc is in the food than on how efficiently your body absorbs it. Adding more zinc to the food increases the total amount absorbed, even if the percentage absorbed stays the same.

Treating wheat with a specific temperature and timing process reduces phytate and makes more zinc available for absorption, but the remaining phytate level is still too high to significantly improve how much zinc the body actually takes up from the wheat in healthy adults.