Feeding 36-week-old White Leghorn hens a diet containing 10% ahiflower seed raises the levels of stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid in their egg yolks by specific...
Mechanism
Synthesis from 1 study
Ahiflower seed gives hens a shortcut to make healthy omega-3 fats: their bodies turn the stearidonic acid in the seed directly into EPA and DHA, then put those fats into the egg yolk. This works better than using flaxseed because it skips a slow step in the process.
Most probable mechanism
When hens eat ahiflower seed, the stearidonic acid in it gets absorbed from their gut, carried to the liver, and turned into longer-chain omega-3 fats called EPA and DHA. These fats are packed into fat-carrying particles that travel through the blood to the developing egg yolk, where they are stored.
Stearidonic acid from ahiflower seed is absorbed in the small intestine and enters the bloodstream bound to lipoproteins
Stearidonic acid is transported to the liver and elongated by elongase enzymes to form eicosatetraenoic acid
Eicosatetraenoic acid is desaturated by delta-6 desaturase to form eicosapentaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid is further elongated and desaturated by elongase and delta-5 desaturase enzymes to form docosahexaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are packaged into very low-density lipoproteins in the liver
Very low-density lipoproteins deliver eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid to the ovary
Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are incorporated into yolk lipids via vitellogenin uptake during egg formation
Less supported by current evidence, but not ruled out
When hens consume flaxseed, the alpha-linolenic acid in it competes with linoleic acid for the delta-6 desaturase enzyme, shifting fatty acid metabolism toward producing EPA and DHA instead of inflammatory omega-6 fats.
Alpha-linolenic acid from flaxseed is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the liver
Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid compete for binding to the delta-6 desaturase enzyme in hepatocytes
Delta-6 desaturase preferentially converts alpha-linolenic acid to stearidonic acid over linoleic acid to arachidonic acid
Stearidonic acid is elongated and desaturated to form eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are packaged into very low-density lipoproteins and delivered to the ovary
Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are incorporated into yolk lipids via vitellogenin uptake
Evidence from Studies
Supporting (1)
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