For a population to bounce back stronger after a small shock, the model says it needs to grow fast, the shock must be weak, and there must be enough individuals left to start recovering.

The model says whether a population bounces back too much depends on how fast it naturally grows and how strong the stress is—too much stress kills it, too little does nothing.

The model suggests that giving a population a little shock now and then might help it recover better than keeping the stress on all the time—but this is just math, not proven in real life.

If there aren’t enough individuals left after a shock, the population can’t recover—even if the stress was small. The model says starting size matters a lot.

Computer models show that when a population of animals faces a small amount of stress, like a little bit of fishing or disease, it might bounce back even stronger than before, but this is just a math idea—not proven in real animals.