Gaining weight or increasing waist size didn't significantly affect the risk of death compared to stable weight or waist size in older adults.

Older adults who lose more than 5% of their waist size are more likely to die within the study period compared to those whose waist size stays stable.

People with bigger waists are more likely to die sooner, even if their overall weight seems normal—this means where you carry fat matters more than how much you weigh.

For older adults, both very small and very large changes in waist size are linked to higher death rates, forming a U-shaped pattern.

Increased waist circumference is associated with a higher risk of metabolic disease and mortality, independent of total body weight.

Being underweight, overweight, or obese at the start of the study didn't significantly change the risk of death compared to having a normal weight in older adults.