Rats that ate almost no carbs but lots of fat and protein still grew just as much muscle as rats eating a normal high-carb diet when both did weightlifting.

Eating more carbs doesn’t make your muscles grow bigger when you’re already getting enough protein and calories — your muscles respond more to lifting weights than to how many carbs you eat.

When rats do strength exercises for two weeks, their muscles don't get bigger or heavier, even though their muscle-building processes speed up. This might mean the muscles are just reorganizing themselves instead of growing in the short term.

When doing strength training, consuming more protein leads to greater muscle growth than consuming the same amount of calories from carbohydrates or fats.

If you eat a high-protein, no-carb diet for two days, your body starts making a lot of ketones — enough to be in ketosis. But if you eat carbs with the same protein, you don’t.

Carbohydrate intake has no significant effect on muscle hypertrophy when protein and total energy intake are held constant.