Resistance training performed to volitional failure with either low loads (30-50% of one-repetition maximum) or high loads (75-90% of one-repetition maximum) produces equivalent increases in muscle fiber cross-sectional area, lean body mass, and most strength measures in resistance-trained men.

Study: Divergent Strength Gains but Similar Hypertrophy After Low-Load and High-Load Resistance Exercise Training in Trained Individuals: Many Roads Lead to Rome.

Whether you lift light weights or heavy weights until you can't do another rep, both ways make your muscles bigger and stronger in about the same way—if you're already used to lifting weights.

Study: Neither load nor systemic hormones determine resistance training-mediated hypertrophy or strength gains in resistance-trained young men

This study shows that lifting lighter weights many times or heavier weights fewer times, both until you can't do more, gives similar muscle growth and strength gains in men who already work out.

Study: Low-Load Resistance Training to Volitional Failure Induces Muscle Hypertrophy Similar to Volume-Matched, Velocity Fatigue

Lifting light weights until you can't do more reps builds muscle just as well as lifting heavy weights, but lifting heavy still makes you stronger. So, for muscle growth, both work — but for strength, heavy weights win.