Vitamin K2 supplementation at 400 micrograms daily for 12 months has no significant effect on augmentation index, abdominal aortic calcification, blood pressure, B-type natriuretic peptide, or physical function in adults with chronic kidney disease stages 3b or 4.

In people with advanced kidney disease, the proteins that prevent calcium from building up in blood vessels are already fully active, so adding more vitamin K2 does not change how much calcium sticks to the arteries or how stiff they become. The heart and blood vessels do not respond with changes in pressure, fluid signals, or physical performance because the underlying process that vitamin K2 might affect is already working normally.