The combination of lutein/zeaxanthin and antioxidant supplements (vitamin C and E) has an additive effect in slowing the progression of geographic atrophy toward the central macula, and lutein/zeaxanthin maintains its effect in individuals already taking antioxidant supplements without β-carotene.

When people take lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin C, and vitamin E, these nutrients build up in the center of the eye, especially around the fovea. They directly neutralize harmful molecules created by light and metabolism, which otherwise damage the layer of cells that support vision. This protection stops those cells from dying and prevents the blind spot from spreading toward the very center of vision.