The collagen scaffold by itself didn't help heal the knee ligament in pigs—other biological factors like platelets might be needed.

After 13 weeks, there was no trace of the collagen scaffold left in the pigs' knees.

Under the microscope, the healed ligaments in pigs looked the same whether they had a collagen scaffold or not.

The scaffold didn't make the repaired ligament stronger in pigs—it broke at the same force as stitches alone.

Pigs with scaffold-augmented ACL repairs had the same knee movement and stability tests as those with just stitches.

The healed ligaments in pigs looked the same under the microscope whether they had a scaffold or not.