Trans guys who aren't athletes gain noticeable muscle and strength in their first year on testosterone, and after about 3 years, their push-ups, sit-ups, and running get close to or match the average fitness levels of cis men.

Even after years of hormone therapy, transgender women might still be able to do more push-ups than cisgender women on average, possibly because some strength differences stick around longer than expected.

Trans guys on testosterone get as good as average cis guys at push-ups and running in a year, and even beat them at sit-ups, showing big gains in strength and stamina.

Trans guys on testosterone get just as good at running 1.5 miles as cis guys within a year — starting out about 15% slower but catching up completely thanks to hormone therapy.

When transgender women take estrogen for a few years, their weight tends to go up a little, but when transgender men take testosterone, their weight usually stays about the same.

Trans women on feminizing hormones slowly lose upper body strength over time, and after about 2 years, their push-up ability becomes similar to that of cis women.