Trans guys on testosterone get as good as average cis guys at push-ups and running in a year, and even beat them at sit-ups, showing big gains in strength and stamina.

Trans guys on testosterone get just as good at running 1.5 miles as cis guys within a year — starting out about 15% slower but catching up completely thanks to hormone therapy.

Trans women under 30 who've been on hormone therapy for a year are still 9% faster at running than cis women the same age, even though they've lost their edge in push-ups and sit-ups. This suggests that one year of hormone treatment might not completely level the playing field for endurance sports.

Before starting hormone therapy, trans women can do 31% more push-ups and run 1.5 miles 21% faster than cis women under 30 — probably because of the effects of testosterone during puberty.

Trans guys who aren't athletes gain noticeable muscle and strength in their first year on testosterone, and after about 3 years, their push-ups, sit-ups, and running get close to or match the average fitness levels of cis men.

Even after years of hormone therapy, transgender women might still be able to do more push-ups than cisgender women on average, possibly because some strength differences stick around longer than expected.