Trans women under 30 who've been on hormone therapy for a year are still 9% faster at running than cis women the same age, even though they've lost their edge in push-ups and sit-ups. This suggests that one year of hormone treatment might not completely level the playing field for endurance sports.

Before starting hormone therapy, trans women can do 31% more push-ups and run 1.5 miles 21% faster than cis women under 30 — probably because of the effects of testosterone during puberty.

Trans guys on testosterone get just as good at running 1.5 miles as cis guys within a year — starting out about 15% slower but catching up completely thanks to hormone therapy.

Trans guys on testosterone get as good as average cis guys at push-ups and running in a year, and even beat them at sit-ups, showing big gains in strength and stamina.

Trans women who aren't athletes seem to run about as well as cis women after two years on hormone therapy — their endurance might become similar during that time.

Trans women athletes tend to slow down more in long races after hormone therapy than in short sprints—suggesting endurance is affected more than quick bursts of power.