The Claim
Resistance training with either a 1-second or 4-second eccentric phase reduces radial deformation (Dm) by approximately 12–13% in the biceps brachii, indicating increased muscle stiffness as a result of hypertrophy, regardless of training tempo.
What the research says
Supports is higher
Support is ahead, but a single strong opposing study can change this.
These are independent scores, not a percentage. Higher-grade studies count more, so a single strong opposing study can outweigh several weaker ones.
Resistance training with slow or fast eccentric movements reduces radial deformation in the biceps brachii by 12–13%, which reflects increased muscle stiffness due to muscle growth, regardless of the speed of the lowering phase.
See the scientific wording
Resistance training with either a 1-second or 4-second eccentric phase reduces radial deformation (Dm) by approximately 12–13% in the biceps brachii, indicating increased muscle stiffness as a result of hypertrophy, regardless of training tempo.
When muscles grow larger from training, they become denser and more resistant to being squeezed or stretched sideways, which makes them stiffer and less likely to deform under pressure.
What the research says
1 studyWhether you lower the weight slowly or quickly, both ways make your biceps bigger and stiffer in about the same way — the speed doesn’t change the stiffening effect.
Score breakdown, mechanism chain, raw evidence, ideal studies needed & 1 supporting studies
Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making health decisions.