In macaque monkeys, increased functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal striatum is positively correlated with improved performance during novel probabilistic learning tasks, indicating specific engagement of this neural circuit in the acquisition of new stimulus-reward associations.

When the brain encounters a new reward rule, dopamine signals strengthen the communication between the orbitofrontal cortex and the dorsal striatum. This improved connection allows the brain to link specific cues with their outcomes more effectively, leading to faster learning. Blocking dopamine receptors in the orbitofrontal cortex weakens this connection and impairs learning, while increasing exploration through dopamine modulation enhances the connection and improves learning.