When measuring overall muscle building over several hours, milk protein showed the highest total effect, then caseinate, whey, and soy, but the numbers weren't statistically tested.

When rats swam for two hours and consumed dairy proteins (whey, milk, or caseinate), their muscle building rates were higher than those eating soy protein at specific times after eating.

When rats swam for two hours and then consumed milk protein, their muscle building rate peaked at 90 minutes with a value of 8.34% per day.

When rats ate more milk protein up to a certain amount, their muscle building increased, but eating even more didn't help further.

When rats swam for two hours and then consumed whey protein, their muscle building rate peaked at 60 minutes with a value of 7.76% per day.

After swimming, rats that drank whey protein had more leucine in their blood than those drinking other proteins at 1 and 1.5 hours after eating.