Men who are overweight or obese release more insulin after eating a high-fat meal than men with normal weight, even when their blood sugar levels rise the same amount, suggesting differences in how their bodies regulate insulin that are not due to blood sugar changes.

If you're overweight around the middle and eat a meal full of carbs, your blood sugar and insulin spike more than if you ate a meal with lots of butter or olive oil—but your body doesn’t make as much insulin for how much sugar is in your blood.

Even though the body released more of a sugar-controlling hormone after eating fat for three days, blood sugar still went higher—meaning the hormone wasn’t strong enough to fix the problem.

After eating a meal high in carbohydrates, men with overweight or obesity process glucose for energy less efficiently than men with normal body weight.

After eating the same meal, older people’s bodies release more insulin than younger people’s, which could mean their metabolism works differently as they age.

After losing weight, obese adults who burn more calories through activity and diet do not show different blood sugar or insulin responses after meals compared to those who burn fewer calories.