If young adults who aren't used to working out do strength training 3 times a week for 12 weeks, they’ll gain about 1.5 kg of muscle and get stronger legs — and it doesn’t matter if their protein shake is made from soy or whey, as long as both have the same amount of leucine (2 grams per day).

If you're a young adult just starting strength training, drinking a shake with either whey or soy protein—both with the same amount of a key muscle-building amino acid (leucine)—will help you gain muscle equally well over 12 weeks.

If young adults who aren't used to working out eat a bit more protein—especially from whey or soy—and lift weights 3 times a week for 3 months, they’ll likely gain more muscle and get stronger, even if they weren’t eating enough protein to start with.

If you're a young man who already lifts weights and eats enough protein, doing strength training twice a week for 12 weeks will make you stronger and build more muscle — and taking leucine supplements won't make any extra difference compared to taking a sugar pill.

If you're a young guy who lifts weights and already eats enough protein, taking extra leucine pills for 12 weeks won't make you stronger or build more muscle in your thighs than just lifting weights by itself.

If you're a young man who lifts weights regularly, eating 1.8 grams of protein per kilogram of your body weight every day is enough to build as much muscle as you can from training—adding extra leucine powder won't help you get any bigger or stronger.