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Almost 1 in 3 of these students had thoughts about ending their life in the past month — and those without religious beliefs were much more likely to have these thoughts than those with religious beliefs.
Students who were in a relationship felt less alone emotionally and overall than those who weren’t, hinting that having a partner might help reduce feelings of isolation during the war.
Students who don’t follow a religion reported feeling more depressed, more drained, and lonelier than those who did have religious beliefs.
The more lonely these students feel — especially emotionally — the more depressed and burned out they tend to be. Their depression is the biggest factor linked to how lonely they feel.
In 2022, these students were the most depressed. In 2023, their depression got better — but by 2024, it got worse again, almost back to where it started.
Students who had to flee their homes or were forced to move within Ukraine felt more emotionally drained and more afraid of the war than those who stayed put.
In 2022, these students were really scared of the war. By 2023, they felt a bit less scared — but by 2024, their fear shot back up again, even higher than before.
When these young women feel more depressed, they also tend to feel more scared of the war, more emotionally drained, and more alone — and their depression is the biggest factor linked to feeling burned out.
Where in the liver insulin resistance happens determines whether it causes high blood sugar, high fat, or neither.
The front part of the liver needs insulin to handle sugar properly when eating a high-fat diet—without it, blood sugar rises.
Insulin signals in the back part of the liver help fat build up there when the mouse eats a high-fat diet.
When insulin doesn’t work in the back part of the liver, the body doesn’t respond by making more insulin—even though fat in the liver goes down.
Even if you block insulin in the front part of the liver, the mouse still gets high blood sugar when eating a high-fat diet.
When mice eat a high-fat diet, fat builds up in both parts of the liver—but blocking insulin in just one part stops fat from building up there.
Turning off insulin signals in the back part of the liver cuts fat without making the body pump out more insulin.
The liver isn’t the same all the way through—different parts react differently when insulin stops working, leading to very different outcomes for fat and sugar.
When the front part of the liver can't respond to insulin, blood sugar goes up—even if the liver makes less fat.
When the front part of the liver doesn’t respond to insulin, the body makes more insulin to try to compensate.
Turning off insulin signals in the back part of the liver doesn’t make blood sugar go up, even when the mouse eats a high-fat diet.
The front part of the liver needs insulin to make fat when the mouse eats a lot of fat—without it, fat production drops.
When insulin doesn't work in the back part of the liver, the muscles start using more sugar instead, which helps keep blood sugar levels normal.
Blocking insulin signals in the other part of the liver (pericentral zone) cuts down fat buildup in that area without raising blood sugar, even when the mouse eats a high-fat diet.
When the part of the liver that usually responds to insulin is blocked, the liver makes less fat even when the mouse eats a high-fat diet—but its blood sugar and insulin go up instead.
Combinatorial targeting of adipose tissue mobilization (via GHRH/IGF-1) and mitochondrial fuel utilization (via AMPK) produces synergistic metabolic benefits beyond additive effects.