Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
Eating a meal with more protein makes your body burn more calories right after eating — but only if you’re not overweight; if you are, this calorie-burning boost doesn’t happen.
Causal
When you compare both training styles on the same person (one leg vs. the other), you get clearer, more reliable results than comparing different people.
Descriptive
Doing more total work (more sets or weight) is what makes you stronger and bigger—not just doing it more often. Frequency only helps if it lets you do more work.
Correlational
If you do leg presses for 9 weeks, your legs will get stronger and bigger—even if you do it once or three times a week.
If you train a muscle three times a week instead of once, and you end up doing more total work, you’ll get stronger and bigger muscles—better than if you kept the same total work.
When you compare both training styles on the same person (one leg vs. the other), you get clearer results than comparing different people, because everyone’s body responds differently.
When you do more total weight lifting, you get stronger and bigger muscles—whether you do it in one day or spread it out. Just doing more sessions doesn’t help unless you’re lifting more overall.
Quantitative
If you train your legs with the leg press machine for 9 weeks, you’ll get stronger and your thighs will get bigger—even if you do it just once a week or spread it out over three days.
If you do the same workout three times a week instead of once, and you end up doing more total weight lifted, you’ll get stronger and build more muscle—because you’re doing more work overall.
If you lift weights the same total amount each week, it doesn’t matter if you do it in one big session or split into three smaller ones—you’ll get just as strong and build just as much muscle.
Doctors don’t fully agree on the best way to treat early-stage prostate cancer, so finding it early doesn’t always mean better outcomes — it might just lead to more treatments that don’t help.
The PSA blood test isn't very good at telling the difference between harmless prostate changes and real cancer, so many men get scared and undergo painful tests they don't need.
Testing men for prostate cancer with PSA blood tests might save a few lives, but it often finds cancers that would never cause harm, leading to unnecessary treatments with side effects.
People with prostate cancer that has spread to their bones who got zoledronic acid reported less pain over time than those who got a dummy treatment.
To make an mRNA vaccine, scientists need to build the mRNA in a lab, keep it from breaking down too fast, and make sure it triggers a strong immune response.
Scientists have tested many types of cancer vaccines—including ones using mRNA—in labs and human trials to see if they can help fight different cancers.
The first vaccine approved to treat advanced prostate cancer that doesn’t cause many symptoms is called Sipuleucel-T.
Every prostate cancer is different at the DNA and cell level, so one treatment doesn’t work for everyone, which makes curing it really hard.
In the UK, prostate cancer kills more men than almost any other cancer, and most men don’t feel sick until it’s already spread, making it hard to catch early.
One part of the study found that men with longer gene repeats had slightly higher cancer rates — but this might just be a fluke because they tested many different ways and didn’t correct for it.
Black men with prostate cancer had slightly longer gene repeats than those without it — but the difference was so small it could just be due to chance.
In Black men, the number of repeats in a specific gene doesn’t seem to affect whether they get prostate cancer — even if the number is short or long, their risk stays about the same.
Men whose prostate cancer still responds to hormone therapy live longer after spine surgery than those whose cancer doesn't respond, so surgery may be more worthwhile for them.
Most men who need spine surgery for prostate cancer that has spread to the spine had already had radiation, but it didn’t work well enough to avoid surgery.