Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
Whether people with HIV had hepatitis or not didn't change the relationship between losing belly fat and improving liver enzymes.
Correlational
When people with HIV and belly fat lost fat from a placebo pill, their liver enzymes didn't improve, but when they lost fat from tesamorelin, their liver enzymes did improve.
In people with HIV and belly fat, higher amounts of visceral fat were linked to higher liver enzyme levels even when accounting for other factors like sex and hepatitis.
Even after stopping tesamorelin, people with HIV who had lost belly fat still had better liver enzyme levels for a full year, even though some fat came back.
Descriptive
HIV patients with high liver enzymes who lost enough belly fat from tesamorelin were more than twice as likely to have their ALT levels return to normal compared to those who didn't lose much fat.
Quantitative
For people with HIV and belly fat who have high liver enzyme levels, those who lost at least 8% of their visceral fat from tesamorelin treatment had much bigger drops in their liver enzyme levels compared to those who didn't lose much fat.
People with HIV and fatty liver disease who were on INSTI drugs had similar body measurements at the start of the study compared to those not on INSTIs.
In the study, most people with HIV and fatty liver disease on INSTI drugs were taking dolutegravir, which made up 41% of those on INSTIs.
People with HIV and fatty liver disease on INSTI drugs who took tesamorelin for a year likely saw their liver fat decrease by 31% compared to their starting point.
Causal
For people with HIV and fatty liver disease on INSTI drugs, tesamorelin likely reduces liver fat by 4.9% while placebo has almost no effect (0.1% decrease) after a year.
For people with HIV and fatty liver disease on certain HIV drugs, taking tesamorelin for a year likely reduces belly fat by 8.3% while placebo makes it increase by 10.8%.
After following diets for 18 months, men's hunger hormone levels went up slightly while women's went down, showing a clear gender difference in how the body responds to dieting.
In men with excess belly fat and metabolic issues, a rise in hunger hormone levels was linked to better blood sugar control, higher 'good' cholesterol, and reduced belly fat, even after accounting for how much weight they lost.
After following different diets for 18 months, people who ate a green-MED diet (with extra plant-based shakes and green tea) had a bigger increase in their hunger hormone levels compared to those on standard healthy eating guidelines.
People with more belly fat and metabolic issues tend to have lower levels of a hunger hormone called ghrelin, which is linked to higher fat in the liver, more leptin (a fullness hormone), and higher blood pressure.
Blue light raised the stress hormone jasmonic acid by about 15% in tall soybeans and 38% in short soybeans compared to plants grown in the dark.
Blue light changed the levels of 16 proteins that control how soybeans respond to key growth and stress hormones.
In short soybeans, adding brassinolide hormone made stems grow longer under blue light but shorter in the dark, showing light-dependent effects of this hormone.
Blue light made soybean stems thicker by increasing the water-conducting tissue area and shortening the cells, which stopped them from growing taller.
Blue light made a key salicylic acid protein (NPR1) increase by 40% and a gibberellin receptor protein (GID1) decrease by 18% in soybean stems.
Adding GA3 hormone helped soybean stems grow longer in the dark but didn't help them grow under blue light, showing blue light's effect couldn't be undone by this hormone.
In tall soybeans, the balance between growth hormone GA3 and stress hormone JA strongly predicted plant height, while in short soybeans, GA3 and strigolactones were the key ratio for height.
Under blue light, the stress hormone salicylic acid increased by about 56% in tall soybeans and 41% in short soybeans compared to plants grown in the dark.
Blue light made the levels of a key growth hormone (GA3) drop by about 14% in tall soybeans and 20% in short soybeans when grown in the dark versus under blue light.