Browse evidence-based analysis of health-related claims and assertions
People with high blood pressure initially seemed to lose more belly fat after surgery, but this link disappeared when considering other factors like belly fat and cholesterol levels before surgery.
Correlational
Women were initially thought to lose more belly fat after surgery, but this difference disappeared when considering other factors like cholesterol and belly fat levels before surgery.
A simple scoring tool using belly fat and good cholesterol levels before surgery can accurately predict how much belly fat will be lost after surgery, with 88% accuracy in new patient groups.
Quantitative
People with higher levels of 'good' cholesterol before surgery tend to lose more belly fat after the surgery, with each unit increase in good cholesterol linked to over 10 times higher chance of bigger fat loss.
People with more belly fat before surgery tend to lose more belly fat after the surgery, with each extra square centimeter of belly fat before surgery linked to a slightly higher chance of bigger fat loss.
Even after accounting for belly fat loss, tesamorelin still increased paraspinal muscle density by 1.58 units in people with HIV and belly fat, showing a direct muscle effect.
Causal
Tesamorelin increased rectus lean muscle by 0.85 cm² in people with HIV and belly fat, and this effect stayed strong even after considering belly fat loss.
Changes in a growth hormone-related factor didn't match changes in muscle density or size in people with HIV and belly fat taking tesamorelin.
Tesamorelin increased rectus and psoas muscle size by 0.44 and 0.46 cm² in people with HIV and belly fat, and this effect remained even after accounting for belly fat loss.
Even after accounting for belly fat loss, tesamorelin still increased lean muscle in people with HIV and belly fat, suggesting other factors are involved.
Tesamorelin increased rectus muscle density by 3.5 units in people with HIV and belly fat, which is about the same difference seen between people with and without back pain in other research.
Descriptive
Tesamorelin increased rectus and psoas muscle size by 0.44 and 0.46 cm² in people with HIV and belly fat, but this effect was reduced when considering changes in a growth hormone-related factor.
In people with HIV and belly fat who responded to tesamorelin, muscle density changes were linked to belly fat loss but not to changes in a growth-related hormone.
People with HIV and belly fat who responded to tesamorelin had 0.64 to 1.08 square centimeters more lean muscle in their trunk muscles compared to those who didn't take the drug.
For people with HIV and belly fat who responded to tesamorelin, the drug helped increase muscle density in their trunk muscles by 1.56 to 4.86 units compared to those who didn't take it.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, ipragliflozin reduces waist size more than metformin after 24 weeks, with a noticeable difference in how much waist circumference decreases.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, ipragliflozin improves insulin resistance more than metformin, which doesn't change insulin resistance levels, with a clear difference between the two treatments.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, ipragliflozin lowers insulin levels significantly more than metformin, which actually slightly raises insulin levels, with a clear difference between the two treatments.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, ipragliflozin boosts good cholesterol more than metformin after 24 weeks, with a noticeable difference in how much HDL levels rise.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, metformin reduces bad cholesterol more than ipragliflozin, which actually raises bad cholesterol levels, with a clear difference between the two treatments.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin, metformin lowers blood sugar more effectively than ipragliflozin after 24 weeks, with a clear difference in how much HbA1c drops.
When Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes take sitagliptin plus ipragliflozin for 24 weeks, their outer fat layer shrinks, but those taking metformin gain outer fat, with a clear difference between the two treatments.
For Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes taking sitagliptin, taking ipragliflozin for 24 weeks makes belly fat inside the body decrease more than taking metformin, with a noticeable difference in fat loss.
When analyzing gene activity patterns in fat tissue during weight loss, scientists found that liver X receptor alpha might control how adiponectin receptors work, which could affect metabolism.