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The Study

Carbohydrate Restriction-Induced Elevations in LDL-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis

In simple terms

This study looks at two groups of people — some on a keto diet with very high cholesterol and others with normal cholesterol — and checks their heart arteries for plaque. It found no difference in plaque between them, but because it didn’t randomly assign people to diets, we can’t say the keto diet caused no harm or benefit — only that there’s no link seen here.

47%

Analysis score

47/ 72

Maximum 72 for a cohort study.

Where the score came from

Reporting0
Methodology45
Publication100
Statistical46
Study type (basis of the score)
Cohort Study
Level 2b - Individual cohort study
What’s the bottom line?

This study looked at healthy, lean people who eat a keto diet and have very high cholesterol. It checked if they had more plaque in their heart arteries than similar people with normal cholesterol.

Where does this study sit?

Systematic Reviews & Meta-analyses

Max 100

Randomized Trials

Max 90

Cohort Studies

Max 72

Case-Control

Max 58

Cross-Sectional

Max 44

Case Reports & Series

Max 30

Expert Opinion

Max 5
StrongerWeaker
Cohort Studies
Level 2
47

47 / 100

Quality score

Groups of people are followed over time to see who develops an outcome. Strong for identifying risk factors and associations, but cannot prove causation as firmly as RCTs.

Cannot establish causation

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Key takeaways

Summary

Based on the study abstract and findings.

  1. 1Even very high LDL from a keto diet may not lead to more heart plaque in healthy, lean people over nearly 5 years.
  2. 280 keto eaters had LDL up to 591 mg/dL.
  3. 3Their heart plaque levels were not higher than 80 others with LDL around 123 mg/dL.
  4. 4Half had zero plaque in both groups.

Score breakdown, methodology, conflicts of interest, evidence analysis & raw study data

Publication

Journal

JACC: Advances

Year

2024

Authors

Matthew J. Budoff, V. Manubolu, A. Kinninger, Nicholas G. Norwitz, D. Feldman, T. Wood, J. Fialkow, Ricardo C. Cury, T. Feldman, Khurram Nasir

18 citations
Analysis v3
Fit Body Science verdict — we translate health studies into clear verdicts backed by peer-reviewed research.

Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making health decisions.