Why swapping snacks might help prevent diabetes
Carbohydrate substitution for fat or protein and risk of type 2 diabetes in male smokers
Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional. Terms
This study looked at what happens when smokers eat more carbs instead of fat or meat.
No biological mechanisms were identified in this study. This may be an epidemiological, observational, or survey-based study that reports associations rather than proposing causal biological pathways.
Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses
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Evidence Score
Groups of people are followed over time to see who develops an outcome. Strong for identifying risk factors and associations, but cannot prove causation as firmly as RCTs.
Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional. Terms
This study looked at what happens when smokers eat more carbs instead of fat or meat.
No biological mechanisms were identified in this study. This may be an epidemiological, observational, or survey-based study that reports associations rather than proposing causal biological pathways.
Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses
Max 100Randomized Controlled Trials
Max 90Cohort Studies
Max 72Case-Control Studies
Max 58Cross-Sectional Studies
Max 44Case Reports & Case Series
Max 30Expert Opinion & Narrative Reviews
Max 552 / 72
Evidence Score
Groups of people are followed over time to see who develops an outcome. Strong for identifying risk factors and associations, but cannot prove causation as firmly as RCTs.
Publication
Authors
Similä ME, Kontto JP, Valsta LM, Männistö S, Albanes D, Virtamo J
Related Content
Claims (6)
In male smokers, replacing a small amount of unhealthy fats in the diet with carbohydrates is linked to a slightly reduced chance of developing type 2 diabetes over 12 years.
In male smokers, swapping total fat in the diet for carbohydrates with a medium glycemic index is linked to a small decrease in the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. Replacing fat with low- or high-glycemic index carbohydrates does not show a clear link to changes in diabetes risk.
In male smokers, replacing a small portion of protein from meat, milk, or plants with carbohydrates over 12 years is linked to a 15% reduction in the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, regardless of how much total protein is consumed.
In male smokers, replacing fat or protein with carbohydrates of different glycemic indexes—low, medium, or high—does not result in different levels of risk for developing type 2 diabetes.
Among men who smoke, shifting their diet to get more calories from carbohydrates instead of fat or protein is linked to a lower chance of developing type 2 diabetes. This benefit does not appear to come from how quickly the carbohydrates raise blood sugar, suggesting other aspects of the diet or metabolism may be involved.