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The Study

Carbohydrate ingestion augments creatine retention during creatine feeding in humans.

In simple terms

This study found that when people ate carbs with creatine, their bodies kept more creatine than when they took creatine alone. But we can't say the carbs definitely caused it — maybe something else was different.

32%

Analysis score

32/ 72

Maximum 72 for a cohort study.

Where the score came from

Reporting0
Methodology34
Publication100
Statistical0
Study type (basis of the score)
Cohort Study
Level 2b - Individual cohort study
What’s the bottom line?

When guys took creatine with a lot of sugar, their bodies held onto more creatine and made more insulin. Adding exercise didn't help any more.

Where does this study sit?

Systematic Reviews & Meta-analyses

Max 100

Randomized Trials

Max 90

Cohort Studies

Max 72

Case-Control

Max 58

Cross-Sectional

Max 44

Case Reports & Series

Max 30

Expert Opinion

Max 5
StrongerWeaker
Cohort Studies
Level 2
32

32 / 100

Quality score

Groups of people are followed over time to see who develops an outcome. Strong for identifying risk factors and associations, but cannot prove causation as firmly as RCTs.

Cannot establish causation

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Key takeaways

Summary

Based on the study abstract and findings.

  1. 1Yes — more creatine staying in the body could mean better muscle effects, but only if the body absorbs it better.
  2. 293g sugar + 5g creatine → less creatine in urine, more in blood, higher insulin.
  3. 3Exercise before didn't change anything.

Score breakdown, methodology, conflicts of interest, evidence analysis & raw study data

Publication

Journal

Acta physiologica Scandinavica

Year

1996

Authors

A. L. Green, Elizabeth J. Simpson, J. Littlewood, Ian A. Macdonald, P. Greenhaff

198 citations
Analysis v3
Fit Body Science verdict — we translate health studies into clear verdicts backed by peer-reviewed research.

Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making health decisions.