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The Study

Moderators of Caffeine's Effects on Jumping Performance in Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In simple terms

This study looked at lots of smaller studies and found that when women drank caffeine, they often jumped a little higher. But we don’t know if those smaller studies were fair tests—maybe the women who got caffeine were already better jumpers. So we can’t say caffeine made them jump higher, just that they’re linked.

45%

Analysis score

45/ 85

Maximum 85 for a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Where the score came from

Reporting0
Methodology16
Publication100
Statistical77
Study type (basis of the score)
Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Level 2a - Systematic review of cohort studies
What’s the bottom line?

This study looked at many smaller studies to see if drinking caffeine helps women jump higher during sports or exercise.

Where does this study sit?

Reviews of RCTs (Meta-analyses)

Max 100

Randomized Trials

Max 90

Reviews of Cohort Studies

Max 85

Cohort Studies

Max 72

Reviews of Case-Control Studies

Max 63

Case-Control Studies

Max 58

Cross-Sectional & Case Series

Max 50

Expert Opinion

Max 5
StrongerWeaker
Reviews of Cohort Studies
Level 2a
45

45 / 100

Quality score

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies. They sit above a single cohort study but below a single randomized trial, because the underlying evidence is still observational.

Can establish causation

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Key takeaways

Summary

Based on the study abstract and findings.

  1. 1The improvement is small to moderate — enough to matter in competitive sports but not a huge change in everyday life.
  2. 2Caffeine helped women jump higher on average (effect size g = 0.28).
  3. 3The boost was bigger during the first half of their menstrual cycle (g = 0.52) than other times (g = 0.21–0.31).
  4. 4Both low (≤3 mg/kg) and high (>3 mg/kg) doses helped, and both types of jumps (countermovement and squat) improved similarly.

Score breakdown, methodology, conflicts of interest, evidence analysis & raw study data

Publication

Journal

Journal of the American Nutrition Association

Year

2023

Authors

J. Grgic, Dorian Varović

Open Access
13 citations
Analysis v5
Fit Body Science verdict — we translate health studies into clear verdicts backed by peer-reviewed research.

Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making health decisions.