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The Study

Generational and regional differences in trends of mortality from ischemic heart disease in Japan from 1969 to 1992.

In simple terms

This study looked at how many people died of heart disease in different parts of Japan over many years. It noticed that in big cities like Tokyo, the number of deaths didn’t drop as fast as in other places, but it doesn’t say why. It just shows a pattern, not a reason.

26%

Analysis score

26/ 44

Maximum 44 for a cross-sectional study.

Where the score came from

Reporting0
Methodology0
Publication100
Statistical23
Study type (basis of the score)
Cross-Sectional Study
Level 4 - Case series
What’s the bottom line?

In Japan, heart disease deaths were going down everywhere, but in Tokyo and Osaka, the drop slowed down a lot after 1979 — especially for young men.

Where does this study sit?

Reviews of RCTs (Meta-analyses)

Max 100

Randomized Trials

Max 90

Reviews of Cohort Studies

Max 85

Cohort Studies

Max 72

Reviews of Case-Control Studies

Max 63

Case-Control Studies

Max 58

Cross-Sectional & Case Series

Max 50

Expert Opinion

Max 5
StrongerWeaker
Cross-Sectional & Case Series
Level 4
26

26 / 100

Quality score

Snapshots of a population at a single point in time, or descriptions of small groups. Can identify correlations and prevalence, but cannot determine cause and effect.

Cannot establish causation

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Key takeaways

Summary

Based on the study abstract and findings.

  1. 1Yes — this means young men in big cities were dying of heart disease at nearly twice the rate of young men elsewhere in Japan, and their death rates weren't improving like elsewhere.
  2. 2In 1991–1992, young men (30–49) in Tokyo/Osaka had 9.4 heart disease deaths per 100,000 people, while elsewhere in Japan it was 5.4 per 100,000.
  3. 3The yearly drop in deaths for these men was only 0.05% in Tokyo/Osaka.

Score breakdown, methodology, conflicts of interest, evidence analysis & raw study data

Publication

Journal

American journal of epidemiology

Year

2001

Authors

A. Okayama, H. Ueshima, M. Marmot, P. Elliott, S. Choudhury, Y. Kita

Open Access
49 citations
Analysis v5
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Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making health decisions.