Neither repetition duration nor number of muscle actions affect strength increases, body composition, muscle size, or fasted blood glucose in trained males and females.

In people who already train regularly, doing one set of machine-based exercises twice a week for 10 weeks increases muscular strength without needing multiple sets or high volume.

When trained individuals lift weights with the same total load and time under tension, their strength gains are the same whether they lift slowly or quickly, as long as they push to complete muscular failure.

In trained individuals, lifting weights until complete muscular fatigue produces greater strength gains than varying the speed of movement or the number of repetitions performed.

In people who are already physically trained, doing resistance training to failure with controlled weight and volume for 10 weeks does not change body composition, muscle size, or fasting blood glucose levels.

In people who are already physically trained, resistance training is associated with a small and statistically insignificant drop in fasting blood glucose levels, and this change does not have a clear clinical impact.

When lifting weights with slow, controlled movements—10 seconds up and 4 seconds down—muscle growth is lower than when using faster, standard tempos of 1–2 seconds up and 1–2 seconds down, provided the total workload and effort are the same.