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The Study

Front vs Back and Barbell vs Machine Overhead Press: An Electromyographic Analysis and Implications For Resistance Training

In simple terms

This study shows which muscles are more active during different shoulder exercises in a small group of bodybuilders. It doesn’t prove that one exercise is better or will build more muscle — it just shows what happens during the movement.

44%

Analysis score

44/ 44

Maximum 44 for a cross-sectional study.

Where the score came from

Reporting0
Methodology45
Publication100
Statistical54
Study type (basis of the score)
Cross-Sectional Study
Level 4 - Case series
What’s the bottom line?

This study checks which shoulder exercises turn on which muscles the most using special sensors.

Where does this study sit?

Systematic Reviews & Meta-analyses

Max 100

Randomized Trials

Max 90

Cohort Studies

Max 72

Case-Control

Max 58

Cross-Sectional

Max 44

Case Reports & Series

Max 30

Expert Opinion

Max 5
StrongerWeaker
Case Reports & Series
Level 4
44

44 / 100

Quality score

Detailed descriptions of individual patients or small groups. Valuable for identifying new conditions or side effects, but cannot establish generalizable conclusions.

Cannot establish causation

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Key takeaways

Summary

Based on the study abstract and findings.

  1. 1Yes, the differences are large and could help athletes choose better exercises for building specific muscles.
  2. 2Back barbell press turns on side and back shoulder muscles more.
  3. 3Front barbell press turns on chest muscles more.
  4. 4Lifting the weight up uses more muscle power than lowering it down.
  5. 5Free weights (barbell) make muscles work harder than machines.

Score breakdown, methodology, conflicts of interest, evidence analysis & raw study data

Publication

Journal

Frontiers in Physiology

Year

2022

Authors

G. Coratella, Gianpaolo Tornatore, S. Longo, F. Esposito, E. Cé

Open Access
10 citations
Analysis v3
Fit Body Science verdict — we translate health studies into clear verdicts backed by peer-reviewed research.

Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making health decisions.