Why water sometimes pushes away tiny balls
Exclusion Zone Phenomena in Water—A Critical Review of Experimental Findings and Theories
Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional. Terms
When water touches certain surfaces like Nafion, tiny plastic balls get pushed away. Scientists disagree why this happens. Some say water changes structure, but tests show no special water structure. Instead, electric forces from surface charges and tiny air bubbles explain it better.
Surprising Findings
Nafion makes water as acidic as 1.2M sulfuric acid
Most people think of water as neutral, but this surface creates acidity levels that would normally dissolve metals—yet it's not due to special water structure.
Practical Takeaways
When designing microfluidic systems, focus on surface charge and concentration gradients rather than 'structured water' theories
Not medical advice. For informational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional. Terms
When water touches certain surfaces like Nafion, tiny plastic balls get pushed away. Scientists disagree why this happens. Some say water changes structure, but tests show no special water structure. Instead, electric forces from surface charges and tiny air bubbles explain it better.
Surprising Findings
Nafion makes water as acidic as 1.2M sulfuric acid
Most people think of water as neutral, but this surface creates acidity levels that would normally dissolve metals—yet it's not due to special water structure.
Practical Takeaways
When designing microfluidic systems, focus on surface charge and concentration gradients rather than 'structured water' theories
Publication
Journal
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Year
2019
Authors
Daniel C. Elton, P. D. Spencer, J. Riches, E. D. Williams