At the start of the study, people with HIV who had denser thigh muscles also had lower levels of certain inflammation markers, like TNF-alpha and IL-6.

Older adults with HIV who exercised for 16 weeks likely had denser thigh muscles (5.2% increase) compared to the control group (0.3% decrease), which was statistically significant.

Older people with HIV who did aerobic and resistance exercise for 16 weeks probably had bigger thigh muscles (7.5% increase) compared to those who didn't (3.1% decrease), and this difference was statistically significant.