Blocking the glucagon signal in people with type 2 diabetes might cause weight gain, more fat in the liver, and higher blood fat levels — suggesting this hormone helps control how the body uses energy and fat.

Taking a drug that turns on the glucagon receptor for a long time might affect how the body manages energy and fat, but scientists aren't totally sure how it works yet.

Blocking the hormone glucagon with drugs might actually make things worse for people — causing weight gain, higher blood pressure, and more liver fat.

Glucagon might help people eat less and lose weight on its own, even if it's not affecting blood sugar — but scientists used to ignore this idea because of old beliefs about how metabolism works.

Some new weight-loss drugs that work on two hormone receptors at once seem to help people lose a lot of weight and also improve liver health in those with fatty liver disease, based on early studies.

Turning on two specific body switches—one for glucagon and one for GLP-1—helps burn more energy without raising blood sugar, because one speeds up metabolism and the other keeps blood sugar in check.